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Color Background, Maya Software Renderer, Mental Ray
In the Perspective view select View->Camera Settings->Resolution Gate.
In the Perspective view use View->Camera Attribute Editor
Under Environment
Change the black Background Color to another color.
Gradated Backgrounds, Arnold, Maya Software Renderer, Mental Ray
In the Perspective view use View->Camera Attribute Editor
Under Environment
Click the Create button next to Image Plane.
Under Placement
Click the Fit to Resolution Gate button.
Choose Type Texture
Click the Map button  across from Texture.
Click Ramp.
File Background, Arnold, Maya Software Renderer, Mental Ray
Find out the resolution of the image you would like to use.
Open Windows->Rendering Editors->Render Settings... 
Under Common tab, under Image Size, input the Width and Height of your background image. Or match the aspect ratio.
In the Perspective view use View->Image Plane->Import Image...
Under Placement
Click the Fit to Resolution Gate button.
3D Starfield, Maya Software Renderer, Mental Ray
In the Perspective view use View->Camera Attribute Editor
Under Environment
Click the Create button next to Image Plane.
Under Placement
Click the Fit to Resolution Gate button.
Choose Type Texture
Click Map button across from Texture.
Under Env Textures
Choose Env Sphere
Click Map button next to Image.
Choose Granite
Under Granite Attributes
Change Color 1,2,3 to white and light grays.
Change Filler Color to black.
Uncheck Creases
Input Cell Size .04.
Input Density .01.
Delete the Background Map
Use Object mode. 
Select the image plane in the Perspective window, yellow outline.
Select Edit->Delete
3-D Compositing - Match the Camera to an image
Maya Software Renderer, Mental Ray
UseBackground Shader
The balls are 3D; they reflect and cast shadows in the pool, the image is a photograph of a Richard Neutra house.
Find out the resolution of the image you would like to use.
Open Windows->Rendering Editors->Render Settings...
Under Common tab, under Image Size, input the Width and Height of your background image. Or match the aspect ratio.
In the Perspective view use View->Camera Attribute Editor
Under Environment
Click the Create button next to Image Plane.
Under Placement
Click the Fit to Resolution Gate button.
Choose Type Image File
Click the folder icon and select an image.
In the Perspective view use View->Select Camera
In the Channel box on the right, input: (This will straighten your camera.)
Translate X 0
Translate Y 1
Translate Z 12
Rotate X,Y,Z 0, 0, 0
Create a plane to match the ground.
Move the camera around until the perspective matches.
Use Windows->Rendering Editors->Hypershade...
Select Create-> Materials-> Use Background button.
Select the plane and assign the Use Background shader to the plane.
Add a directional light to simulate the sun:
Use Create->Lights->Directional Light
Use the Hypershade to match the color of the light to your image and turn on shadows.
Rotate the light to match the angle of the sun in your image.
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